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Integrating Attack-Fault Trees in the ODE Metamodel to Support Safety and Security Co-Analysis in the Automotive Domain
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6952-1053
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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2025 (English)In: Proceedings - 2025 IEEE 49th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025, p. 63-72Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Integrating safety and security in automotive cyber-physical systems (CPS) domains (e.g. autonomous vehicles), is challenging for two main reasons. First, it is still difficult to represent the potential consequences of system failures or malicious attacks. Secondly, these systems must ensure safety and security despite unknowns and uncertainties. A Digital Dependability Identity (DDI) can facilitate this by encapsulating all dependability characteristics (e.g., design, requirements, safety, and security analysis models) of CPS's components. The Open Dependability Exchange (ODE) metamodel is an implementation of the DDI concept, but has limitations in the interplay between safety and security. ODE is aligned with with ISO 26262 but lacks certain security concepts to be aligned with ISO 21434. Also, ODE supports modeling fault trees, but modeling attack trees and attack-fault trees still not. This paper proposes an extension to the ODE metamodel, aiming to increase coverage of ISO 21434 concepts and allowing the modeling of attack-fault trees. We built these metamodel extensions based on an analysis of the ODE metamodel, industry standards, Microsoft STRIDE model, and HEAVENS security analysis methodologies. We evaluated the proposed extensions in an illustrative example of an autonomous vehicle.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025. p. 63-72
Series
IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops, ISSN 2836-3795
Keywords [en]
Attack-fault Trees, Open Dependability Exchange (ODE), Safety and Security Co-analysis, Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment
National Category
Software Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-73427DOI: 10.1109/compsac65507.2025.00017ISI: 001575960000009Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105016132191ISBN: 979-8-3315-7434-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-73427DiVA, id: diva2:2000777
Conference
49th IEEE Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2025, Toronto, Canada, 8-11 July, 2025
Available from: 2025-09-24 Created: 2025-09-24 Last updated: 2026-07-06Bibliographically approved

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Gallina, Barbara

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