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Problem Statement: The electrification of public bus fleets is vital for meeting climate goals but places increasing pressure on charging infrastructure, often exceeding grid capacity. While stationary energy storage systems can mitigate these issues, producing new batteries entails economic and environmental drawbacks. Repurposing second-life batteries from retired electric buses offers a circular solution, simultaneously addressing battery disposal challenges and charging infrastructure constraints. As this approach remains in its initial stages, further research is required to understand its practical feasibility and sector-specific adoption. 

Aim and Research gap: This thesis investigates how second-life batteries can enhance electric bus charging infrastructure by examining current charging practices and the challenges faced by bus operators. It further identifies the technical, organizational, and environmental factors shaping SLB adoption, as well as the role of stakeholder collaboration. In doing so, the study addresses a key research gap and provides actionable insights to support the integration of electric bus SLBs into charging networks. 

Method: This study adopted a descriptive–exploratory research design, integrating a systematic literature review with a structured survey of Swedish public bus operators. The literature review provided the theoretical foundation and guided the development of the survey, which collected data on charging practices, organizational and environmental factors, and collaborative dynamics influencing the adoption of second-life batteries. The survey responses were subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. 

Results: Swedish bus operators are transitioning to electric buses but face persistent challenges such as high-power costs, grid constraints, limited charger availability, and battery degradation. Adoption of second-life battery energy storage systems, with integration into existing charging infrastructure, has been identified as the preferred approach. However, adoption remains constrained by technical uncertainties, unclear business models, and market immaturity. Successful integration will require close collaboration with OEMs, energy providers, repurposers, and other stakeholders. 

Contributions: This thesis advances the understanding of second-life battery adoption in public transport charging infrastructure by highlighting the significance of technical, organizational, and collaborative factors. It offers practical insights to support successful integration.