The acid test for HR practices is: Is it worth it? The language of business is money. Increased cost pressure and competitiveness as well as the need to show the contribution to the overall organisational performance combined with an increasing importance of the economic logic in various segments of society lead to two major effects in HRM. HRM is increasingly viewed in economic terms. The intention in this chapter is to examine research on correlation between human resource investments and different outcomes, such as productivity and profitability, but primarily to elaborate on the different approaches to management control, specifically addressing human resources (HR). Before addressing these issues, however, we start with a brief overview of different proposals regarding management control and HR. The chapter concludes with a discussion focusing on the different approaches.