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Electrochemical energy storage technologies hold great significance in the progression of renewable energy. Within this specific field, flow batteries have emerged as a crucial component, with Zinc–Nickel single flow batteries attracting attention due to their cost-effectiveness, safety, stability, and high energy density. This comprehensive review aims to thoroughly evaluate the key concerns and obstacles associated with this type of battery, including polarization loss, hydrogen evolution reaction, and dendrite growth, among others. Additionally, the study highlights ongoing research endeavors focused on addressing these concerns, such as optimizing battery operating conditions and developing new electrodes. Furthermore, recent advancements in experimental processes and multi-scale numerical simulations of Zinc–Nickel single flow batteries, facilitated by the visual literature analysis software VOSviewer, are also explored. The primary objective of this review is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical reaction and internal mass transfer mechanism of Zinc–Nickel single flow batteries, while also anticipating future research directions and prospects.