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Important drivers for customer satisfaction: a Swedish crisis reflection
Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
EPSI Rating Group, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation.
2024 (English)In: International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, ISSN 2040-4166, E-ISSN 2040-4174, Vol. 15, no 6, p. 1187-1198Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine crisis effects on customer satisfaction and underlying drivers by adding a new set of data to previous research. The core questions are: are the findings from Hallencreutz and Parmler (2019, 2021) sustained or can new customer demands, needs, expectations and behaviours be traced in the wake of the ongoing crisis?

Design/methodology/approach: A first study covering 2005–2017 was completed in 2018, published online in 2019 and in print in 2021 (Hallencreutz and Parmler, 2021). This new study adds the years 2018–2023 to the data set and reuses the partial least squares (PLS) approach to structural equation models, also known as PLS path modelling.

Findings: This additional study sustains the results from the initial study (Hallencreutz and Parmler, 2019, 2021). The variable product quality has been substituted by service quality as one of the most crucial drivers for customer satisfaction together with brand image, and the current state of permacrisis has not changed that.

Research limitations/implications: The study is built on Swedish data from the EPSI Rating Initiative (Eklöf and Westlund 2002) covering customer perceptions in banking, insurance (life and non-life), telco (mobile operators, broadband and Pay-tv) and energy (trade, distribution and heating) over the years 2005–2023.

Practical implications: The study emphasizes the importance of understanding how customer satisfaction drivers evolve over time in different industries and societal sectors, especially during crises. This additional study sustains the paradigm shift in the studied industries – product quality has been substituted by service quality as one of the most crucial drivers for customer satisfaction, and the current state of economic downturn has not changed that.

Social implications: Society will have to learn to live with political and economic instability and unpredictability for the foreseeable future. To recognize the increasing value deriving from firms’ intangible assets while providing flawless deliveries seems to be a way forward in troublesome times. This is also a catalyst for existing societal trends: the necessary reforms to master sustainable transformations will require an ongoing adaptation process, with both winners and losers across continents.

Originality/value: The world has coped with a global pandemic, and Europe is currently experiencing a humanitarian, political and economic crises caused by a war in Ukraine. This extended period of global instability and insecurity could be called a permacrisis (Collins dictionary, 2022). This study offers a unique quantitative analysis built on Swedish data from EPSI Rating initiative.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald , 2024. Vol. 15, no 6, p. 1187-1198
Keywords [en]
Customer loyalty, Customer perception, Customer satisfaction, Expectations, Image, Permacrisis, Product quality, Service quality, Value
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-66665DOI: 10.1108/IJLSS-12-2023-0224ISI: 001219455100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85192857132OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-66665DiVA, id: diva2:1859600
Available from: 2024-05-22 Created: 2024-05-22 Last updated: 2025-12-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Exploring the Dynamics of Customer Satisfaction : - the Emerging Role of Perceived Sustainability
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring the Dynamics of Customer Satisfaction : - the Emerging Role of Perceived Sustainability
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Exploring the Dynamics of Customer Satisfaction – the Emerging Role of Perceived Sustainability, aims to advance the understanding of the dynamics of customer satisfaction by examining both its drivers and the use of customer satisfaction measures.

This thesis describes the user-based quality management perspective and the emergence of customer satisfaction measures. Customer satisfaction is highlighted as a key organizational indicator, showing a positive relationship with financial indicators, and the ability to facilitate value in use. The use of both customer satisfaction, and the user-based perspective, in fields such as quality management and innovation, is also described. Sustainability is further highlighted as a concept to which the user-based perspective could be extended. Thus, potentially transforming organizational sustainability initiatives from a regulatory obligation, a license to produce, into a driver of customer satisfaction, and a source of competitive advantage.

Using both qualitative and quantitative data, this thesis explores customer satisfaction models’ drivers, examined the use of customer satisfaction measurements, investigated how an extended customer satisfaction model may be established, and to what extent the model is influenced by adding a construct of perceived sustainability. Both data and structural customer satisfaction model are appended from the Nordic market research agency EPSI Rating. Estimation of customer satisfaction drivers is mainly performed by using the Partial Least Squares Path Modelling technique.  

The findings show how a construct of perceived sustainability may be developed and add empirical data exploring the drivers of customer satisfaction. A customer satisfaction model is further evaluated by adding the developed construct of perceived sustainability, showing favourable fit and increased predictive power in the manifest customer satisfaction items. Especially regarding items considering the customer’s view of an ideal actor. Insights about how organizations may utilize measures based on customer perceptions are also discussed. Further highlighting the importance of focusing on the recipient’s needs and wants when planning to engage in measuring customer satisfaction.

For scholars, this thesis shows how a construct of perceived sustainability may be developed and add empirical data clarifying the drivers of customer satisfaction. This thesis also shows how customer satisfaction measures are being applied in practice and the importance of considering all direct and indirect interactions within the customer experience. Simply stated, the importance of considering the dynamics of customer satisfaction.

For practitioners, this thesis provides insights about how organizations can enhance customer satisfaction and shows that sustainability, when analysed as a part of the customer experience, may be transformed from a strict regulatory obligation, into a source of competitive advantage.

Future research is suggested to examine how the results of this thesis could be enhanced by adding a time perspective and how the results could be applied in different fields of research. For example, as tools to examine market disruptions. New ways to estimate drivers of customer satisfaction are further suggested to advance the understanding of the customer experience and to extend the findings of this thesis.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Eskilstuna: Mälardalen University, 2026. p. 81
Series
Mälardalen University Press Dissertations, ISSN 1651-4238 ; 457
National Category
Economics and Business
Research subject
Innovation and Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-74726 (URN)978-91-7485-742-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-01-30, C3-003 och digitalt, Mälardalens universitet, Eskilstuna, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-12-03 Created: 2025-12-02 Last updated: 2026-01-09Bibliographically approved

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