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Forte: Hybrid Traffic-Aware Scheduling for Mobile TSCH Nodes
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2644-1085
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5590-0784
Politécnico do Porto (ISEP),Portugal .
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7755-4795
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2024 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly within Industrial IoT, impose stricter reliability and efficiency requirements on low-power wireless technologies. This has driven the creation of new medium access protocols, such as Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH). Recently, autonomous schedulers, which manage wireless links without node negotiation, are gaining popularity due to their lightweight and reliable operation. However, challenges arise with node mobility and dynamic traffic, as current schedulers use a static allocation method. To overcome this gap, we propose Forte, a hybrid scheduler that combines autonomous scheduling for basic connectivity with a centralized on-demand scheduler that allocates extra timeslots and frequency channels so that nodes adapt to the dynamic requirements. The centralized module formulates a Lyapunov optimization to guarantee queue stability while minimizing negotiation overhead and nodes’ duty-cycles. Forte outperforms the state-of-the-art by reducing packet end-to-end delay and increasing packet delivery ratio, all with minimal duty-cycle increase.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024.
Series
2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), ISSN 2831-7742, E-ISSN 2832-1421
National Category
Computer Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-69144DOI: 10.1109/LCN60385.2024.10639734ISI: 001433480800056Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85214932454ISBN: 9798350388008 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-69144DiVA, id: diva2:1913284
Conference
2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Oct. 8 2024 to Oct. 10 2024, Normandy, France
Available from: 2024-11-14 Created: 2024-11-14 Last updated: 2025-10-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Reliable Low-Power Wireless Networks in Dynamic Environments
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reliable Low-Power Wireless Networks in Dynamic Environments
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) necessitates robust support for emerging applications that exhibit increased dynamism characterized by device mobility, fluctuating radio signals in the environment, and varying traffic loads. Enhancing reliability against these challenges is best achieved through leveraging diversity in frequency, temporal and spatial domains. This Thesis focuses on low-power IoT networks that are running complex protocols such as Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) and Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH). Improving reliability of these protocols to mitigate dynamism can be based on either distributed or centralized schemes depending on the trade-offs that are explored throughout the Thesis. The Thesis introduces two frameworks for mitigating device mobility: SDMob and Forte. SDMob integrates real-time tracking algorithms, such as the particle filter, within RPL by offloading computation to a centralized controller, enabling timely handovers through efficient route updates. The Forte framework extends recent autonomous TSCH schedulers by incorporating a centralized scheduler that intervenes only when necessary, striking a balance between autonomy and centralized control. Additionally, centralized controllers can also improve the "stretched" routes of RPL through route projection, as addressed by the RPL-RP protocol.  However, due to the communication overhead associated with centralized solutions, the Thesis also explores on-device solutions. The proposed ACTOR framework integrates transmission power control within RPL networks, enabling them to adapt to environments with evolving RF and density.

Overall, this Thesis provides practical solutions for enhancing the performance of commercial off-the-shelf low-power IoT boards and networks, specifically targeting the routing and MAC layers. Through extensive real-world experiments, simulations, and modeling, the Thesis provides compelling evidence that by adapting key controllable parameters -such as frequency, transmission power, and routing— enables IoT networks to achieve resilience in the face of environmental and operational variability.

Abstract [sv]

Den utbredda användningen av Internet of Things (IoT) kräver robust stöd för framväxande applikationer som uppvisar ökad dynamik, såsom enhetsmobilitet, varierande radiofrekvensmiljö och varierande trafikbelastningar. Att förbättra tillförlitligheten vid dessa utmaningar uppnås bäst genom att utnyttja mångfald i frekvens-, tids- och rumsliga domäner. Denna avhandling presenterar metoder för lågenergi-IoT-nätverk som använder komplexa underliggande protokoll som Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) och Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH). Att förbättra tillförlitligheten hos dessa protokoll kan baseras på antingen distribuerade eller centraliserade system beroende på avvägningarna.

Avhandlingens bidrag som förbättrar enhetsmobilitet inkluderar SDMob och Forte-ramverket. Det förstnämnda presenterar realtids spårningsalgoritmer, såsom partikelfilter, genom att avlasta algoritmer till en centraliserad kontroller, som utnyttjar dess beräkningskapacitet för att optimera överlämning genom ruttuppdateringar. Forte-ramverket är en utvidgning av de senaste autonoma TSCH-schemaläggarna genom att integrera en centraliserad schemaläggare som ingriper endast när det är nödvändigt. Centraliserade kontroller kan förbättra de "utsträckta" rutterna för RPL genom ruttprojektion, vilket introduceras i RPL-RP-bidraget. Å andra sidan, på grund av kommunikationsoverheaden av centraliserade lösningar, utforskar avhandlingen också enhetsbaserade system som det föreslagna ACTOR-ramverket som integrerar transmissionsstyrning i RPL-nätverk för att fungera i miljöer med utvecklande RF och densitet.

Sammanfattningsvis ger denna avhandling praktiska lösningar för kommersiella lågenergikort/nätverk, specifikt i routing- och MAC-lagren, för att förbättra deras prestanda i mötet med dynamik. Genom omfattande verkliga experiment, simuleringar och modellering, ger avhandlingen övertygande bevis på att genom att anpassa en mängd kontrollerbara parametrar såsom frekvens, transmissionsstyrka och rutter, kan IoT-nätverk uppnå motståndskraft trots miljömässig och operativ variabilitet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalens universitet, 2024
Series
Mälardalen University Press Dissertations, ISSN 1651-4238 ; 422
National Category
Computer Engineering
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-69142 (URN)978-91-7485-690-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-01-14, Beta, Mälardalens universitet, Västerås, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-11-21 Created: 2024-11-14 Last updated: 2025-10-10Bibliographically approved

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Rabet, IliarFotouhi, HosseinVahabi, MaryamBjörkman, Mats

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