https://www.mdu.se/

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Deep Neural Net-works (DNNs) have shown superior accuracy in predicting and classifying time-series data. This has made them suitable for many applications, including safety-critical ones, such as healthcare, where fault tolerance is a major concern. Until now, fault resilience and mitigation in LSTMs have not been thoroughly explored, raising concerns about exploiting them in safety-critical use cases. This work, first, extensively explores the effect of faults on LSTM DNNs using fault injection into parameters. Moreover, the paper presents two effective zero-memory-overhead fault tolerance techniques for LSTM DNNs to protect them against random faults in their parameters. Experimental results indicate that the proposed techniques can improve fault tolerance of LSTM-based DNNs up to 278.6 times concerning unprotected ones.