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As one of the promising renewable technologies, solar PV has achieved great success and development in terms of technology improvement, cost reduction, and installation scale. This chapter focuses on four aspects of solar PV technology, which include supporting policies, materials and module manufacturing, typical small PV systems, and operationand maintenance. Firstly, both the financial support policies and the research and development (R&D) support policies were introduced and compared in terms of different countries including China, Europe, and the United State. Then, major solar cells, including silicon-based solar cells, compound semiconductor solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cells, and perovskites solar cells, were illustrated, and several module technologies, such as half cells, bifacial cells, multi-busbars, were introduced. Thirdly, typical small PV systems, including BIPV systems and remote PV system, were summarized, and the application characteristics and technical requirements of these systems are presented comprehensively. Finally, the operation and maintenance of PV system were discussed, in terms of PV forecasting, PV monitoring, fault diagnosis, and energy storage. This chapter is designed to give an overview on the developments and applications of solar PV, and provide reference for engineers and researchers.