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Requirements Similarity and Retrieval
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2416-4205
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2025 (English)In: Handbook on Natural Language Processing for Requirements Engineering, Springer Nature , 2025, p. 61-88Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Requirement Engineering (RE) is crucial for identifying, analysing and documenting stakeholders' needs and constraints for developing software systems. In most safety-critical domains, maintaining requirements and their links to other artifacts is also often required by regulatory bodies. Furthermore, in such contexts, requirements for new products often share similarities with previous existing projects performed by the company. Therefore, similar requirements can be retrieved to facilitate the feasibility analysis of new projects. In addition, when a new customer requests a new product, retrieval of similar requirements can enable requirements-driven software reuse and avoid redundant development efforts. Manually retrieving similar requirements for reuse is typically dependent on the engineer's experience and is not scalable, as the set could be quite large. In this regard, applying natural language processing (NLP) techniques for automated similarity computation and retrieval ensures the independence of the process from the human experience and makes the process scalable. This chapter introduces linguistic similarity and several NLP-based similarity computation techniques that leverage linguistic features for similarity computation. Specifically, we cover techniques for computing similarity ranging from lexical to state-of-the-art deep neural network-based methods. We demonstrate their application in two example cases: (a) requirements reuse and (b) requirements-driven software retrieval. The practical guidance and example cases presented in the chapter can help practitioners apply the concepts to improve their processes where similarity computation is relevant. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2025. p. 61-88
Keywords [en]
NLP, Requirements retrieval, Requirements reuse, Requirements similarity, Software reuse
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-71458DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-73143-3_3Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105004625813ISBN: 9783031731433 (print)ISBN: 9783031731426 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-71458DiVA, id: diva2:1960753
Available from: 2025-05-23 Created: 2025-05-23 Last updated: 2025-10-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Enhancing Industrial Requirements Processing and Reuse
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing Industrial Requirements Processing and Reuse
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We live in a world that depends on software. From the moment we log in to a banking system or when we take the bus to work, we are surrounded by software-intensive systems. These systems are often not built from scratch, but as further iterations of existing systems, adapted for different customers and market segments.

The development of such complex software and variant-intensive systems is centered around customer needs that are usually described in long documents, full of detail, and written in natural language. Companies must read through, interpret, and extract the relevant requirements, decide which teams should develop and test them, and simultaneously identify what can be reused from earlier projects. This process is often manual, carries a risk of mistakes, and demands great experience and precision.

This thesis explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI), and in particular natural language processing (NLP), can help make the process both faster and more reliable. The work is based on six scientific articles, which make four contributions, as follows. First, we study how requirements management and reuse are handled today to identify opportunities for enhancement. Next, we focus on automating the identification and allocation of requirements, so that correct requirements are identified and directed to the right teams from the start. We also develop methods for discovering which parts of previous projects can be reused, to avoid redundant development efforts. Finally, we create a pedagogical resource that enables teachers, students, and professionals to apply the technical solutions in practice.

Through these contributions, the thesis demonstrates how AI can become a powerful support in processing requirements and supporting reuse in complex software development.

Abstract [sv]

Vi lever i en värld som är beroende av programvara. Från det att vi loggar in på banken eller att vi tar bussen till jobbet är vi omgivna av programvaruintensiva system. Ofta byggs dessa system inte från grunden, utan som vidareutvecklingar av redan befintliga lösningar, anpassade för olika kunder och marknader.

Kundernas behov beskrivs vanligen i långa dokument, fulla av detaljer och skrivna på vanligt språk. Företagen måste läsa igenom, tolka och plocka ut de relevanta kraven, bestämma vilka team som ska utveckla och testa dem, och samtidigt se vad som kan återanvändas från tidigare projekt. Det sparar tid och pengar, men är också ett pussel som kräver stor erfarenhet och noggrannhet. I praktiken tar det ofta lång tid, innebär risk för misstag och är beroende av ett fåtal experter.

Den här avhandlingen undersöker hur artificiell intelligens (AI), och i synnerhet naturlig språkbehandling (NLP), kan hjälpa till att göra processen både snabbare och mer tillförlitlig.

Arbetet bygger på sex vetenskapliga artiklar och bidrar inom fyra områden: Först kartlägger vi hur arbetet med kravhantering och återanvändning går till idag, och var det finns störst potential till förbättring. Därefter fokuserar vi på att automatisera själva identifieringen och fördelningen av krav, så att de hamnar hos rätt team från början. Vi utvecklar också metoder för att upptäcka vilka delar av tidigare projekt som kan återanvändas, för att undvika att uppfinna hjulet på nytt. Slutligen skapar vi en pedagogisk resurs som gör det möjligt för lärare, studenter och yrkesverksamma att använda de tekniska lösningarna i praktiken.

Med hjälp av dessa insatser visar avhandlingen hur AI kan bli ett kraftfullt stöd i arbetet med att förstå, organisera och återanvända den kunskap som ryms i komplex programvaruutveckling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University, 2025. p. 290
Series
Mälardalen University Press Dissertations, ISSN 1651-4238 ; 438
National Category
Software Engineering
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-72983 (URN)978-91-7485-715-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-27, Alfa, Mälardalens universitet, Västerås, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
VinnovaKnowledge FoundationEuropean Commission
Available from: 2025-08-20 Created: 2025-08-19 Last updated: 2025-10-10Bibliographically approved

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Abbas, MuhammadBashir, SarmadSaadatmand, MehrdadEnoiu, Eduard PaulSundmark, Daniel

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