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Harnessing ChatGPT for Model Transformation in Software Architecture: From UML State Diagrams to Rebeca Models for Formal Verification
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8027-0611
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2025 (English)In: Proc. - IEEE Int. Conf. Softw. Archit., ICSA-C, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025, p. 387-396Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Software architecture relies heavily on modeling techniques to describe, analyze, and verify system designs. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely recognized as both a de facto and de jure standard for modeling various types of systems. While UML has formalized semantics that enhance consistency and precision, it is not inherently designed for model checking. Rebeca, an actor-based modeling language, is designed to enable formal verification of concurrent reactive systems. Previous efforts to bridge UML and Rebeca through model transformations have required combining multiple UML diagrams and a deep understanding of Rebeca, limiting practical applicability. In this paper, we explore the potential of leveraging large language models, specifically GPT-4, to automate the transformation of UML state diagrams into Rebeca models. Using a few-shot learning approach, we investigated the feasibility of this translation process. Initial results revealed that UML state diagrams alone were insufficient for generating accurate Rebeca models. To address this limitation, we augmented the diagrams with metadata, enabling GPT-4 to produce models that required only minor corrections to be executable in Rebeca's model-checking tool, Afra. Our findings demonstrate that LLMs hold promise in facilitating model transformations for software architecture, particularly for translating UML state diagrams into Rebeca models for formal verification. While not yet fully automated, this approach significantly reduces the effort required for transformation, paving the way for further research into the integration of LLMs into model-driven engineering practices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025. p. 387-396
Series
International Conference on Software Architecture Companion, ISSN 2768-4288
Keywords [en]
Formal methods, Large language model (LLM), Model transformation, Rebeca modeling language, Unified Modeling Language (UML) state diagram, Computer software reusability, Formal specification, Model checking, Problem oriented languages, Program translators, Actor-based modeling, Language model, Large language model, Modelling techniques, Models checking, Rebecum modeling language, State diagram, Unified Modeling, Unified modeling language state diagram, Formal verification
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-72422DOI: 10.1109/ICSA-C65153.2025.00061ISI: 001549223000054Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105007918537ISBN: 9798331520908 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-72422DiVA, id: diva2:1976729
Conference
Proceedings - 2025 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Architecture, ICSA-C 2025
Available from: 2025-06-25 Created: 2025-06-25 Last updated: 2026-02-16Bibliographically approved

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Moezkarimi, ZahraBucaioni, AlessioSirjani, Marjan

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