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Frequency Domain Complex-Valued Convolutional Neural Network
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3188-3072
Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4471-1483
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems. Department of Computer Systems, TalTech University, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6289-1521
2025 (English)In: Expert systems with applications, ISSN 0957-4174, E-ISSN 1873-6793, Vol. 295, article id 128893Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Complex-valued convolutional neural networks have demonstrated promising results in reducing space, time, and computational complexity compared to real-valued models, particularly in signal and image processing. Despite their strong representational capacity and theoretical benefits, complex-valued CNNs remain limited due to theabsence of simplified theoretical and practical formulations for fully complex-valued building blocks. Existing studies often depend on fast Fourier transforms (FFT/IFFT) for domain transitions between layers due to the lack of well-established complex-valued activation functions or filter parameters initialization. Additionally, many earlier works adapt complex versions of the real-valued activation functions in a split-type manner, which might distort phase information and weaken generalization. To overcome these challenges, we propose a lightweight fully complex-valued residual CNN that operates entirely on complex data in the frequency domain. Our design simplifies fully complex building blocks and introduces a Log-Magnitude activation function that preserves phase information, outperforming traditional complex ReLU variants and the Cardioid activation function. Experimental validation across diverse multi-modal datasets, including MNIST, SVHN, MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, PTB Diagnostic ECG, , and , demonstrates the superior performance of our fully complex-valued CNNs over real-valued models.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2025. Vol. 295, article id 128893
Keywords [en]
Complex-valued neural networks, Complex-valued activation function, Deep learning, Complex domain, Frequency domain, CVNNs
National Category
Artificial Intelligence
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-72783DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2025.128893ISI: 001532059900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105009875306OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-72783DiVA, id: diva2:1983520
Funder
Mälardalen UniversityAvailable from: 2025-07-11 Created: 2025-07-11 Last updated: 2026-04-22Bibliographically approved

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Chakraborty, MainakAryapoor, MasoodDaneshtalab, Masoud

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