The purpose of this paper is to study pseudo-Euclidean and symplectic Hom-alternative superalgebras and discuss some of their proprieties and provide construction procedures. We also introduce the notion of Rota-Baxter operators of pseudo-Euclidean Hom-alternative superalgebras of any weight and Hom-post-alternative superalgebras. A Hom-post-alternative superalgebra consists of three operations such that some compatibility conditions are satisfied. We show that a weighted Rota-Baxter operator induces a Hom-post-alternative superalgebra naturally. Conversely, a Hom-post-alternative superalgebra gives rise to a new Hom-alternative superalgebra. In particular, a Hom-pre-alternative superalgebra is naturally built via symplectic structures.