As the human population continues to increase, core infrastructure such as waste management and food production must adapt to ensure sustainability. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and water can create a link between wastewater treatment plants and the agricultural industry, with one providing the raw materials for the other. The ongoing rebranding of wastewater treatment plants as “water resource recovery facilities” illustrates the shift in focus from contaminant removal to material and energy recovery. Much research today is focused on the technologies and methods to support this recovery, but less information is available regarding how recovery may affect the core operation of the wastewater treatment plant. Simulations of two recovery scenarios were conducted to investigate the effects of removing waste activated sludge and reject water on the operation of the plant considering energy consumption, effluent quality, and emissions in the biological treatment.